Time traveler

Gunnar Myrdal's Prescient Criticisms Of Keynes' General Theory

In what follows we will focus on what Myrdal considered to be his main contribution to Keynesian theory; that is, the distinction between ex post and ex ante in the analysis of savings and investment.

Ex post and ex ante are my ideas, he traveled to the future and stole them!

Quantities defined in terms of measurements made at the end of the period in question are referred to as ex post; quantities defined in terms of action planned at the beginning of the period in question are referred to as ex ante.

Known unknowns are ex ante, unknowns are ex post. 

This is all about having a stable market to hedge the ex ante and distribute the ex post losses. We know about the known unknowns because of history, specifically the history of seeing the complete sequence from peak to peak.  Over the period the  ex ante hedges tend toward binomial, the ex post tends to uniform random. 

he productivity norm simply means that we will not be third in line and we adjust market structure making Keynes and his Hicksonian jump shift impotent.

Anyway, this is George Selgin who spotted this.