Charge has to be about having a shell in the sphere

The bubbles get charge when they get a cotangent function.  The cotangent is a reversal of the density gradient interior to the shell vs exterior to the shell.  The shell is where Pi is most accurate and there are the greatest amount of exchanges. That is the bag that makes the nucleus.

I think this is right. The smallest, most primitive group has no cotangent function.  It likely goes out to Phi^6, but when you unfold the Lucas pairs you get Phi^12, and there are hot and cold positions so double that and multiply by 3/2 to  includes inert Higgs nulls.  That number should be a multiple of 137, the smallest group simply measures Cosh(pi)^2, and the fine structure is off. It makes bad Pi. The smallest grouping probably introduced spin.

The electron takes about 16 of these primitives and adds the cotangent function, So the electron has to have some interior shell. The electron is still at the first Lagrange. But it does the magnetism, so Pi is imptoved.

Then the proton nucleus get the second Lagrange, it is doing:
 2*cosh^2-sinh^2 = 1, that is two lows in one direection, one in the other. We get the 3-ary network, three in per unit particle, and a complementary for the unit wave. But the flows are reversed from what is exterior to the nucleus bag. I dunno how to handle this, yet. The second Lagrange, and the magnetic cotangent flow make a much better Pi.

Quasars must be up to the third Lagrange, (1,2,5). The multi-nucleus atoms likely just re-arrange and end up with the same accuracy of Pi ad the proton.  Likely less cotangent and more tangent.

But it is all spherical, mainly because it is symmetric and adapted, so  it has the squared measure all the time.  Pi is just an outcome, and sphere is simply a name we gave it. The key here is that the bubble have adapted a specific sequence of overlap modes which match the bubble count; both become the same exponent. That matching of inverse elasticity (inverse bubble overlap)  and index is how they make their own ruler.

Now I am retiring from the business, finally. This is as far as I go, have fun Sphere packers everywhere.