Camber

 Te two cambers have a middle camber, the line of symmetry for straight ahead flight. That is an imaginary camber internal to the wing.  I have the dual cambered wing, the two curves are more parallel, the lower line having a slightly small radius than the upper. I get push and pull, but pay a price in mechanical weakness.  The camber shown to the lft is easy to make with a folded Dollar Tree foam, remove the paper cover and watch the howto videos.



My addition to the art was the use of ho glue and partially melting a line down the wing, lets me make a sturdy curve from one lary. Do it to the two layers and I can control the internal camber line, test it in the back yard, change it, try itt... And for a few bucks get the set of cambers that match the various fight characteristics.  All double curved up, a few dollars in foam, throw it around, eave it in the pile, make another.

I should patent! The whole trick is that a paper free Dollar tree foam sheet can be creased slightly and held in place. Draw a line that you want creased, take a hot glue gun, 200 watt, one that melts Dollar tree foam. Run that gun slightly along the line while apply the proper crease pressure, then run a line of glue along the line where it is creased, then take a small piece and run it down the line to smear the glue along both edges of the slight crease. Keep pressure while cooling, it will hold that crease just fine. A great tool for doubling the wing types available with Dollar Tree foam, dowels, white glue, popsicle sticks. Great plane structures for five bucks, easy build.

Let us handwave a bit of math.

If I recall, the laminar flow applies. It is laminar because air cannot enter the wing, the wing is smooth with a known curve.  So, right away we see than we can sum up all the air molecules bouncing perpendicular and ignore the parallel, there is dimension reduction. And we can do this on one strip, then multiply by the number of strips for rectangular wings. And their exists an inner camber curve, and if known, the strips can be computed as a set of sums over that line. That is like a reverse hologram effect. Thus, for certains designs, the exact equations are known (Assuming very tiny spheroids of atmospheres. If the kinetic energy is high, then the actual size of the atmosphere balls can be ignored, ttreaed like always divisible fluid.