Thursday, March 13, 2014

Zeeman effect

Historically, one distinguishes between the "normal" and an anomalous Zeeman effect that appears on transitions where the net spin of the electrons is not 0, the number of Zeeman sub-levels being even instead of odd if there is an uneven number of electrons involved. It was called "anomalous" because the electron spin had not yet been discovered, and so there was no good explanation for it at the time that Zeeman observed the effect.
At higher magnetic fields the effect ceases to be linear. At even higher field strength, when the strength of the external field is comparable to the strength of the atom's internal field, electron coupling is disturbed and the spectral lines rearrange. This is called the Paschen-Back effect.
In the modern scientific literature, these terms are rarely used, with a tendency to use just the "Zeeman effect".

Making the angle between the magnetic and charge something other than right angles. This makes our world look a bit more compact, the phase across the electron is a bit less unbalanced. When the phase across the electron is unbalanced the angle is right angle. The quantum levels of the electron are split between the kinetic, mass and standing wave.  Making the electron field more compact reduces the kinetic part, which then appears as quantization levels.

In the sparse world the quantization of the electron is hard to see, make the electron more compact by squeezing the magnetic.

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