stand, stood and subsist

From the same IE root, *sta-.  "to stay put"

But the later, subsist got Latinized, the former did not. So we get stand, stood, and likely staid, the forms direct from IE. The past tense of subsist is subsisted, Latin  past tparticiple.

Exist, like subsist, from the same IE root, I think. (The dictionary seems ambiguous)